Human Action Localization And Recognition In Unconstrained Videos

As imaging systems become ubiquitous, the ability to recognize human actions is becoming increasingly important. Just as in the object detection and recognition literature, action recognition can be roughly divided into classification tasks, where the goal is to classify a video according to the action depicted in the video, and detection tasks, where the goal is to detect and localize a human performing a particular action. A growing literature is demonstrating the benefits of localizing discriminative sub-regions of images and videos when performing recognition tasks. In this thesis, we address the action detection and recognition problems. Action detection in video is a particularly difficult problem because actions must not only be recognized correctly, but must also be localized in the 3D spatio-temporal volume. We introduce a technique that transforms the 3D localization problem into a series of 2D detection tasks. This is accomplished by dividing the video into overlapping segments, then representing each segment with a 2D video projection. The advantage of the 2D projection is that it makes it convenient to apply the best techniques from object detection to the action detection problem. We also introduce a novel, straightforward method for searching the 2D projections to localize actions, termed TwoPoint Subwindow Search (TPSS). Finally, we show how to connect the local detections in time using a chaining algorithm to identify the entire extent of the action. Our experiments show that video projection outperforms the latest results on action detection in a direct comparison. Second, we present a probabilistic model learning to identify discriminative regions in videos from weakly-supervised data where each video clip is only assigned a label describing what action is present in the frame or clip. While our first system requires every action to be manually outlined in every frame of the video, this second system only requires that the video be given a single highlevel tag. From this data, the system is able to identify discriminative regions that correspond well iii to the regions containing the actual actions. Our experiments on both the MSR Action Dataset II and UCF Sports Dataset show that the localizations produced by this weakly supervised system are comparable in quality to localizations produced by systems that require each frame to be manually annotated. This system is able to detect actions in both 1) non-temporally segmented action videos and 2) recognition tasks where a single label is assigned to the clip. We also demonstrate the action recognition performance of our method on two complex datasets, i.e. HMDB and UCF101. Third, we extend our weakly-supervised framework by replacing the recognition stage with a twostage neural network and apply dropout for preventing overfitting of the parameters on the training data. Dropout technique has been recently introduced to prevent overfitting of the parameters in deep neural networks and it has been applied successfully to object recognition problem. To our knowledge, this is the first system using dropout for action recognition problem. We demonstrate that using dropout improves the action recognition accuracies on HMDB and UCF101 datasets

Flow control and service differentiation in optical burst switching networks

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is being considered as a candidate architecture for the next generation optical Internet. The central idea behind OBS is the assembly of client packets into longer bursts at the edge of an OBS domain and the promise of optical technologies to enable switch reconfiguration at the burst level therefore providing a near-term optical networking solution with finer switching granularity in the optical domain. In conventional OBS, bursts are injected to the network immediately after their assembly irrespective of the loading on the links, which in turn leads to uncontrolled burst losses and deteriorating performance for end users. Another key concern related to OBS is the difficulty of supporting QoS (Quality of Service) in the optical domain whereas support of differentiated services via per-class queueing is very common in current electronically switched networks. In this thesis, we propose a new control plane protocol, called Differentiated ABR (D-ABR), for flow control (i.e., burst shaping) and service differentiation in optical burst switching networks. Using D-ABR, we show with the aid of simulations that the optical network can be designed to work at any desired burst blocking probability by the flow control service of the proposed architecture. The proposed architecture requires certain modifications to the existing control plane mechanisms as well as incorporation of advanced scheduling mechanisms at the ingress nodes; however we do not make any specific assumptions on the data plane of the optical nodes. With this protocol, it is possible to almost perfectly isolate high priority and low priority traffic throughout the optical network as in the strict priority-based service differentiation in electronically switched networks. Moreover, the proposed architecture moves the congestion away from the OBS domain to the edges of the network where it is possible to employ advanced queueing and buffer management mechanisms. We also conjecture that such a controlled OBS architecture may reduce the number of costly Wavelength Converters (WC) and Fiber Delay Lines (FDL) that are used for contention resolution inside an OBS domain.Boyraz, HakanM.S

Diabetes mellitus and peripheral organs involvement: Current treatment options

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and multi-systemic disease with various treatment options and has long-term effect on lifestyle of individuals and society. Not only disesase itself but also damage to peripherical organs as a result of disease in long term is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In this review study it has been aimed to assess complications caused by peripherical organ involvment and treatment options rather than those caused by diabetes mellitus itself. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (2): 329-33

Localizing actions through sequential 2D video projections

Action detection in video is a particularly difficult problem because actions must not only be recognized correctly, but must also be localized in the 3D spatio-temporal volume. This paper introduces a technique that transforms the 3D localization problem into a series of 2D detection tasks. This is accomplished by dividing the video into overlapping segments, then representing each segment with a 2D video projection. The advantage of the 2D projection is that it makes it convenient to apply the best techniques from object detection to the action detection problem. Our experiments show that video projection outperforms the latest results on action detection in a direct comparison. © 2011 IEEE

Comparison of High-Intensity Laser Therapy and Ultrasound Treatment in the Patients with Lumbar Discopathy

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of high intensity laser and ultrasound therapy in patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation and who were capable of performing physical exercises. 65 patients diagnosed with lumbar disc were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 received 10 sessions of high intensity laser to the lumbar region, Group 2 received 10 sessions of ultrasound, and Group 3 received medical therapy for 10 days and isometric lumbar exercises. The efficacy of the treatment modalities was compared with the assessment of the patients before the therapy at the end of the therapy, and in third month after the therapy. Comparing the changes between groups, statically significant difference was observed in MH (mental health) parameter before treatment between Groups 1 and 2 and in MH parameter and VAS score in third month of the therapy between Groups 2 and 3. However, the evaluation of the patients after ten days of treatment did not show significant differences between the groups compared to baseline values. We found that HILT, ultrasound, and exercise were efficient therapies for lumbar discopathy but HILT and ultrasound had longer effect on some parameters

Clonus: definition, mechanism, treatment

Clonus is involuntary and rhythmic muscle contractions caused by a permanent lesion in descending motor neurons. Clonus may be found at the ankle, patella, triceps surae, wrist, jaw, biceps brachii. In general, clonus may occur in any muscle with a frequency of 5-8 Hz and the average period of oscillations of the ankle clonus is approximately 160–200 ms. Plantar flexion (PF) comprises 45% of the period, dorsifleksion (DF) comprises 55% of the period. The first beat is always longer, with the time shortening in continuing beats and becoming stable in the 4th or 5th period. The exact mechanism of clonus remains unclear. Two different hypotheses have been asserted regarding the development of clonus. The most widely accepted explanation is that hyperactive stretch reflexes in clonus are caused by self-excitation. Another alternative explanation for clonus is central generator activity that arises as a consequence of appropriate peripheral events and produces rhythmic stimulation of the lower motor neurons. The durations of clonus burst were found longer than the durations of Soleus medium-latency reflex (MLR). There is a similarity in their nature, although the speed and cause of the stretch of triceps surae differ in the MLR and the clonus, and there is a sufficient period of time for group II afferents and for other spinal mechanisms to be involved in the clonus, together with Ia afferents. Clonus can be treated by using baclofen, applying cold, botox or phenol injections

Investigation of Thermal Stress In Different Metal Based Dental Restorations By Mathematical Analysis

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of heat changes in oral environment that produce thermal stresses (TS) in prosthetic restorations by mathematical method.Material and Methods: Three different metallic frameworks in gold alloy, commercial pure titanium (cpTi) and chrome-cobalt- molybdenum (CrCoMo) and the ceramics, Ticeramics for cpTi, Omega900 for CrCoMo and VM13 for Au alloys were used for mathematical modeling. The physical properties were obtained from the manufactures. The calculation method was based on Boley’s equation.Results: In ceramics the highest thermal stress was in Ticeramic and the lowest was in VM13. At interface of the restoration thermal stress accumulation was the highest in cpTi and Ticeramic and the lowest was in Au and VM13. In metallic substructures CrCoMo shows the highest and Au had the lowest thermal stress depositon in its structures.Conclusion: Thermal stresses are not cable off breaking the metal-ceramic bond strength but shorten the life span of the prosthetics.Key Words: Thermal stress, Dental materials, Ceramics, Titaniu